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In our screen-saturated age, a great many people hungry for a real bond with fellow human beings have taken up climbing in organised clubs, yours truly among them. Interestingly, it seems that the kind of surface a climber chooses, be it moulded plastic or weathered stone, has a real bearing on the fostering of genuine human fellowship, among other benefits. The Canadian Federation of Climbing insists that the choice of surface, whether the padded wall of an indoor gym or the rough face of an outdoor crag, makes no difference at all.

But veteran climbing coach David Rogers points out a flaw in that view. Fingers and tendons that pull on the same moulded gym holds over and over take on far more repetitive strain, and so more nagging injuries, than those that must constantly adjust to the irregular cracks and edges of natural rock. Granted, dedicated gym climbers may, on their first days at a real cliff, be humbled by the route-finding and cool head that outdoor rock demands.

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1The writer's main purpose is
Ato challenge the Canadian Federation of Climbing
Bto encourage readers to take up the outdoor climbing the writer enjoys most
Cto warn readers about the dangers of outdoor climbing
Dto describe a new fitness trend
2According to the writer, outdoor climbing is valuable mainly because
Ait keeps climbers away from chalk-thick gym air.
Bit demands route-finding and a cool head.
Cit builds genuine human fellowship.
Dit offers open sky and shifting light.
3The "wild-rock hypothesis" suggests that
Amost people prefer safe, indoor settings.
Bhumans are born drawn to real stone and open air.
Cclimbers need clubs in order to stay safe.
Dmost people enjoy bouldering on their own.
4Nita Gill's comments show that she
Afinds outdoor climbing a dull exercise.
Bwants fewer beginners calling for rescue.
Cwould rather feel real rock than climb indoors.
Dvalues a safe, supervised routine over the outdoor experience.
5In the final lines, the writer argues that
Agym climbing fosters real human fellowship.
Bgym climbers keep a more careful count of their routes.
Cthe safety of the gym is not all it appears to be.
Dfinishing the climb matters most to gym climbers.
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