Reading · for Viewpoints
Reading
Read the following article.

Few tools have reshaped everyday travel as thoroughly as the satellite navigation systems now built into almost every smartphone and dashboard. Whereas earlier travellers laboured over bulky paper maps and committed distinctive landmarks to memory, motorists today hand each turn to a calm digital voice and follow its instructions without a moment of independent thought. However real the convenience may be, the entrenched habit of outsourcing every route has, for a great many people, turned the simple act of finding one's own way into an almost impossible, Herculean undertaking. Younger drivers are widely presumed to be especially at risk, having never known an era before continuous turn-by-turn guidance. The impression that navigation apps are eroding our inborn sense of direction is reflected in the anecdotal evidence gathered along the roadside. There, instructors increasingly report that their learners cannot picture the layout of their own familiar neighbourhoods. Malcolm Reyes, a seasoned driving instructor in Winnipeg, maintains that "the constant prompting is steadily hollowing out a basic human competency." He adds that "students who depend entirely on the screen are exhibiting diminished spatial awareness, confidence, and recollection of places." In essence, the endless narration is making it exceedingly hard for inexperienced drivers to assemble a coherent mental map of their surroundings.

Not everyone remains as troubled, however, by the spread of these devices. Dr. Neela Fortin of the University of Manitoba acknowledges that habitual reliance on automated navigation is reshaping the brain's spatial machinery, with consequences that might include a weakened memory for routes. Even so, she contends that offloading this mental effort is genuinely "advantageous for demanding professions whose members must devote their full concentration to the task before them." She surmises that the adaptable human mind is simply reallocating its limited resources to correspond with whichever instruments are readily available.

Premium practice

Already a member? Sign in

1The author's main purpose in this article is to
Apresent contrasting views on how navigation apps affect people.
Bdescribe how satellite navigation was invented.
Cpraise the convenience of modern navigation apps.
Dwarn that young drivers are losing their sense of direction.
2Mr. Reyes's view is based mainly on his
Atraining in map design.
Byears spent teaching new drivers.
Cresearch on spatial memory.
Down trouble finding routes.
3Dr. Fortin suggests that the mind
Acan no longer navigate at all.
Bshould give up its navigation apps.
Cis entirely unharmed by the devices.
Dshifts its resources to suit its tools.
4Mr. Reyes is concerned that
Anavigation apps may weaken drivers' spatial awareness and confidence.
Bnavigation apps may improve drivers' memory for places.
Cshared apps can help nervous travellers reach new places.
Dapps let drivers give full attention to their work.
5Dr. Brandt believes that
Anavigation apps deserve much more careful study.
Bdrivers need an app to build a mental map.
Cnavigation apps help anxious people reach unfamiliar places.
Dnavigation apps can damage our memory for routes.
6The most positive view of navigation apps belongs to
Athe author
BMr. Reyes
CDr. Fortin
DDr. Brandt
0 of 6 completed